A canonical generalization of OBDD

Abstract

We introduce Tree Decision Diagrams (TDD) as a model for Boolean functions that generalizes OBDD. They can be seen as a restriction of structured d-DNNF; that is, d-DNNF that respect a vtree T. We show that TDDs enjoy the same tractability properties as OBDD, such as model counting, enumeration, conditioning, and apply, and are more succinct. In particular, we show that CNF formulas of treewidth k can be represented by TDDs of FPT size, which is known to be impossible for OBDD. We study the complexity of compiling CNF formulas into deterministic TDDs via bottom-up compilation and relate the complexity of this approach with the notion of factor width introduced by Bova and Szeider.

Citation

@article{Patil25,
    author    = {Capelli, Florent and Choi, YooJung and Mengel, Stefan and Muñoz, Martín and Van den Broeck, Guy},
    title     = {A canonical generalization of OBDD},
    journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.05537},
    year      = {2026},
    month     = {apr},
}